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What is frostbite? How to treat and prevent it.

What is Frostbite?
Frostbite is damage to the skin and underlying tissues caused by prolonged exposure to extreme cold. Extremities, such as your nose, cheeks, ears, fingers and toes are most commonly affected. The first symptoms of frostbite are a tingling, itching, burning feeling, followed by numbness. The skin may also change color when exposed to extreme cold. It first becomes pale and if allowed to freeze becomes purplish blue. As the skin thaws out, it becomes red and painful. Very severe frostbite can cause blisters and damage to structures beneath the skin.
If frostbite is suspected, seek medical attention as soon as possible. It is important to move to a warm area and to keep the affected area elevated, but do not re-warm frostbitten skin if there is any chance of re-freezing. Do not rub the frozen area and apply a dry bandage between any affected areas to prevent rubbing as this will cause even more tissue damage. Frostbite can strike anyone exposed to cold temperatures for a significant period of time, but is more common in the very young, very old, smokers, people taking beta-blockers (Atenolol or Metoprolol), people with diabetes and anyone suffering from vessel disease. Frostbite can be prevented by simply dressing for the weather and avoid going out in extreme temperatures if possible. Layered clothing, covering your head, face, nose and ears, wearing mittens, two pairs of socks and waterproof boots are all good ways to prevent frostbite.