Treatment for Abnormal Heart Rhythm
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an abnormal heart rhythm. With AF, the upper
heart chambers (atria) do not pump blood adequately, leading to the
risk of blood clot formation. Persons with heart diseases such as high
blood pressure or heart failure are at an increased risk of developing AF.
Other types of conditions can also increase the risk of AF include sleep
apnea, and emphysema. Although some persons may not experience any
signs or symptoms, some may experience chest pain, shortness of breath,
dizziness, and fainting. An electrocardiogram can be used in the diagnosis
of an AF.
Treatment for AF is aimed at preventing a stroke. Antiarrhythmic medications
that may be prescribed include a beta blocker, such as esmolol
(Brevibloc), calcium channel blocker, such as diltiazem (Cardizem), or
digoxin to control the heart rate. Alternatively, use of a pacemaker or
implantable atrial defibrillator may be used to control the heart rhythm or
rate. Anticoagulant medications may be prescribed to reduce the risk of
formation of blood clots and therefore reduce the risk of a stroke. Warfarin
(Coumadin) and dabigatran (Pradaxa) are anticoagulant medications
that may be prescribed. Persons who take warfarin require monitoring
with a blood test on a regular basis, while Pradaxa does not require
regular blood tests.