Hib Vaccination for All Children
Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) is a gram-negative bacterium that
often resides in the respiratory tract. The infection is transmitted from
one person to the next through coughing, sneezing, or direct contact
with this bacteria on a tabletop or other surface. Infants and children
younger than six years of age who have not been vaccinated are most
commonly infected. The bacteria can spread from the respiratory tract to
the joints, bones, and brain and spinal cord. Meningitis may result, and
is considered the most serious consequence of infection with Hib. Infants
less than 2 years of age are most likely to be affected by meningitis
caused by Hib.
Infection with Hib is preventable. There are 3 vaccines currently available
in the U.S. for prevention of Hib: PedVaxHIB, ActHIN, and Hiberix.
Vaccination is also possible with a variety of combination vaccines. All
children should receive Hib vaccine. he first dose should be given at 2
months of age, and the series should be completed between 2 and 6
months of age. A booster dose is also recommended at 12 to 15 months of
age. A cephalosporin antibiotic, such as ceftriaxone (Rocephin), may be
used for treatment of meningitis caused by Hib. Other medications that
may be prescribed for this condition include ampicillin and chloramphenicol.