Management of Epilespy with Drugs
Management of Epilespy with Drugs
An individual with epilepsy experiences abnormal electrical signals in
the brain. The condition is diagnosed after at least 2 unprovoked seizures
have occurred. Seizures are generally characterized by a temporary change
in consciousness, motor activity, or behavior. Children and individuals
over 65 years of age are most likely to be diagnosed with this condition.
Those who experience only one seizure are not considered to be epileptic.
Although genetics may play a role in the development of epilepsy,
triggers such as a traumatic accident or stroke may also contribute to the
development of this condition. The cause in many individuals is unknown.
Anti-epileptic medications are available to either completely eliminate
seizures or to reduce their frequency and severity. The specific medication
chosen depends on many factors, including age, the type and severity
of epilepsy. Valproic acid (Depakene), carbamazepine (Tegretol,
Equetro), and phenytoin (Dilantin) are different types of antiepileptic
drugs that may be prescribed. Carbamazepine and phenytoin decrease
seizures by inhibiting the body’s voltage-gated sodium channels. Valproic
acid decreases seizures by increasing gamma aminobutyric acid, an inhibitory
neurotransmitter. It also may affect potassium channels.