Drug Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition that affects the
central nervous system. The term sclerosis refers to the scarring that
occurs when the myelin sheath, which normally serves to protect nerve
fibers of the central nervous system, is attacked. Ultimately, nerve signals
that control muscle coordination, strength, and vision may be slowed
or blocked in some manner. Typically, signs and symptoms of MS appear
for the first time between 20 and 40 years of age. Numbness in the limbs,
tingling sensation, vision loss or impairment, fatigue, and dizziness are
symptoms that may occur. Although the cause of this condition is unknown,
genetics may play a role. In addition, the condition may be triggered
in response to a virus in some persons. There are different types of
MS, and different types of treatment for each of the different forms.
For persons affected by relapsing MS, beta interferons are often
prescribed. Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron) and interferon beta-1a (Avonex,
Rebif) are reproductions of proteins that occur naturally in the body, and
support the immune system. These medications are injected, and may
reduce flare-ups, although they do not eliminate flare-ups. For persons
affected by progressive MS, corticosteroids and muscle relaxants may
be prescribed.