Treatment for Fungal Infections of the Nails
Onychomycosis is the term for a nail fungal infection. Warm, moist environments are conducive to fungal growth. Fungi enter the skin either through a small cut or a separation between the nail and the nail bed. When the nails are continually exposed to moisture and warmth, nail fungal infections may develop. Toenails are more commonly affected than fingernails because shoes are likely to provide an environment to sustain fungal survival and growth. The infection may start as a white or yellow spot under the tip of the nail. As it spreads, the entire nail may discolor and thicken.
Oral prescription drugs for treating nail fungus include itraconazole (Sporanox), fluconazole (Diflucan), and terbinafine (Lamisil). These medications promote the growth of a new nail that is not infected, which will slowly replace the infected area. These medications may be taken for 6 to 12 weeks. It may take as long as 4 months for a healthy nail to fully grow back and the infection to be eliminated. Possible side effects of these medications include a skin rash and liver damage. Other nail fungus treatments include an antifungal nail polish called ciclopirox (Penlac). This method of treatment may be required for daily use for up to 1 year, although the infection may not be cured after a year of treatment.